"I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all." (created and recited starting in 1892)
"Thirty-one words which affirm the values and freedom that the American flag represents are recited while facing the flag as a pledge of Americans’ loyalty to their country. The Pledge of Allegiance was written for the 400th anniversary, in 1892, of the discovery of America. A national committee of educators and civic leaders planned a public-school celebration of Columbus Day to center around the flag. Included with the script for ceremonies that would culminate in raising of the flag was the pledge. So it was in October 1892 Columbus Day programs that school children across the country first recited the Pledge of Allegiance. "
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Andrea Hall leads the nation in reciting the Pledge of Allegiance at Joe Biden's inauguration, on January 20, 2021. In 2004, Hall became the first Black woman promoted to fire captain in the history of the City of South Fulton Fire Rescue Department, in Georgia.